Canada Geography & Climate

A Land of Incredible Diversity

Given its vast size, Canada is not characterised by a single climate or particular landscape but instead experiences a wide range of both weather and natural scenery. The country can be divided into several different ‘regions’ including the Northern Tundra, the West Coast, the Internal Prairies, and the Boreal Forests. Water plays a significant role in dictating much of the country’s climate – with ocean currents impacting the east and west coasts and the Great Lakes influencing the southern interior. Our Wildlife Rescue Internship Project allows volunteers to experience Canada’s diverse landscape first-hand.

In the far north, Canada is characterised by the Arctic tundra, a fragile ecosystem predominantly blanketed by moss, lichen, and small shrubs. The permafrost in this region is delicate and can be easily damaged.

As you head south, the landscape transitions into the Boreal Forests. Spanning almost half of the country’s landmass, this vast stretch of coniferous forest is one of the world’s largest protected forests and houses the world’s largest source of surface freshwater due to the many lakes and rivers intersecting it.

Canada also boasts other forest zones, each offering their unique array of wildlife and biodiversity. These include deciduous forests in the south, the North American Acadian Forest region, and the coniferous forests stretching along the Western Cordillera’s coastline and subalpine areas.

The Grasslands and Climate Variations

Canada’s grasslands, or prairies, constitute another crucial ecological region. Situated in the southern interior, these arid areas are home to shortgrass, sagebrush, and cacti, symbolising Canada’s most fertile soil suitable for dryland farming and grazing.

Contrary to popular belief, Canada’s climate is not all about snowy landscapes and icy winds. Across the country, the weather can vary significantly. The transitional seasons of spring and autumn are often considered the most pleasant. The climate is primarily influenced by ocean winds and the Great Lakes’ currents.

In the west, Pacific onshore winds result in wetter seasons and moderate winter and summer temperatures. The eastern coast, impacted by the Atlantic Ocean’s cold Labrador current, is known for its frequent fog. The northern regions endure harsh winters and short, cold summers, while the central and southern parts experience cold winters and hot summers.

Wildlife Rescue Programme in British Columbia

Our Wildlife Rescue programme is situated in Langley, British Columbia (BC). BC, a province on the country’s west coast, offers a variety of climates. The coastal areas typically have milder winters and higher precipitation than the interior regions, where snowfall is more substantial. Summer temperatures can range from midday highs of 20°C on the coast to up to 30°C in the interior.

Langley, located near Vancouver and directly on the coast, experiences mild, wet winters with highs between 7°C and 9°C, and warm summers with temperatures around 20°C.

To learn more about Canada’s diverse wildlife, visit our Wildlife & Biodiversity page. For a look into the nation’s rich history and vibrant culture, delve into our History & Culture page.